This redundancy stems from the time when this script was used to write Sanskrit, a language that had a short and a long, and a short and a long. For example, the Assamese script has two symbols for the vowel sound and two symbols for the vowel sound. Some of the vowel letters have different sounds depending on the word, and a number of vowel distinctions preserved in the writing system are not pronounced as such in modern spoken Assamese or Bengali. In addition to the vowel system in the Bengali alphabet the Assamese alphabet has an additional " matra" (ʼ) that is used to represent the phonemes অʼ and এʼ. All of these are used in both Assamese and Bengali, the two main languages using the script. The script presently has a total of 11 vowel letters, used to represent the eight main vowel sounds of Assamese, along with a number of vowel diphthongs.
In the early part of the 19th century, Atmaram Sarmah designed the first Assamese script for printing in Serampore, and the Bengali and Assamese lithography converged to the present standard that is used today. In the 18th and 19th century, the Assamese script could be divided into three varieties: Kaitheli (also called Lakhari in Kamrup region, used by non-Brahmins), Bamuniya (used by Brahmins, for Sanskrit) and Garhgaya (used by state officials of the Ahom kingdom)-among which the Kaitheli style was the most popular, with medieval books (like the Hastir-vidyrnava) and sattras using this style. The script could be said to develop proto-Assamese shapes by the 13th century. Rock and copper plate inscriptions from then onwards, and Xaansi bark manuscripts right up to the 18th–19th centuries show a steady development of the Assamese alphabet. The script was very similar to the one used in Samudragupta's Allahabad Pillar inscription.
The Umachal rock inscription of the 5th century evidences the first use of a script in the region. Kanai-boroxiboa rock inscription, 1207 CE, shows proto-Assamese script Some similar scripts with minor differences are used to write Maithili, Bengali, Meithei and Sylheti. The Ahom king Supangmung (1663–1670) was the first ruler who started issuing Assamese coins for his kingdom. Later, Sankardev used it in the 15th and 16th centuries to compose his oeuvre in Assamese and Brajavali dialect, the literary language of the bhakti poems ( borgeets) and dramas. In the 14th century Madhava Kandali used Assamese alphabets to compose the famous Saptakanda Ramayana, which is the first translation of Ramayana in a regional language after Valmiki's Ramayana in Sanskrit. The Buranjis were written during the Ahom dynasty in the Assamese language using the Assamese alphabet. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks or boxes, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text. Without proper rendering support, you may see errors in display. This article contains the Assamese alphabet. For the distinction between, / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The Semitic origin of the Brahmic scripts is not universally agreed upon. The present standard is identical to the Bengali alphabet except for two letters, ৰ (ro) and ৱ (vo) and the letter ক্ষ (khya) has evolved into an individual consonant by itself with its own phonetic quality whereas in the Bengali alphabet it is a conjunct of two letters.
By the 17th century three styles of Assamese alphabets could be identified ( baminiya, kaitheli and garhgaya) that converged to the standard script following typesetting required for printing. The current form of the script has seen continuous development from the 5th-century Umachal/ Nagajari-Khanikargaon rock inscriptions written in an eastern variety of the Gupta script, adopting significant traits from the Siddhaṃ script in the 7th century. This script was also used in Assam and nearby regions for Sanskrit as well as other languages such as Bodo (now Devanagari), Khasi (now Roman), Mising (now Roman), Jaintia (now Roman) etc. The Assamese alphabet ( Assamese: অসমীয়া বৰ্ণমালা, Oxomiya bornomala) is a writing system of the Assamese language and is a part of the Bengali-Assamese script. For its ancestral script, see Kamarupi script.
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